Opinion surveys, however, support the view that climate change denialism is driven at least partially by underlying conspiratorial thinking. This tactic of calling into question the integrity of science has been used in other scientific debates (e.g., the link between cigarette smoking and cancer). On the other hand, it may be that skeptics do not harbor underlying conspiratorial thinking, but rather express their opposition to policy solutions in conspiratorial terms because that is the only available strategy when arguing against an accepted scientific consensus.
Skeptic rhetoric, on one hand, may suggest that climate skepticism is psychological and the product of underlying conspiratorial thinking, rather than cognitive and the product of a careful weighing of scientific evidence. This conspiracy-laden rhetoric-if followed to its logical conclusion-expresses a rejection of scientific methods, scientists, and the role that science plays in society. For example, a 2013 poll in the United States showed that almost 40% believed that climate change was a hoax.Ĭlimate skeptics suggest the well-publicized consensus is either manufactured or illusory and that some nefarious force-be it the United Nations, liberals, communists, or authoritarians-want to use climate change as a cover for exerting massive new controls over the populace. Resistance, in this latter case, sometimes referred to as climate “skepticism” or “denialism,” varies from region to region in strength but worldwide has been a prominent part of a political force strong enough to preclude both domestic and global policy makers from making binding efforts to avert the further effects of anthropogenic climate change. But perhaps the most alarming and visible are those who oppose solutions to climate change because they believe, or at least claim to believe, that anthropogenic climate change is not really happening and that climate scientists are lying and their data is fake. Others oppose policies intended to address climate change for ideological reasons (i.e., they are opposed to the collectivist nature of the solutions usually proposed). Some of this resistance comes from those not wanting to incur costs or change energy sources (i.e., the carbon-based energy industry). While scientists have alerted both the public and policy makers to the dangers of continuing or increasing the current rate of carbon emission, policy proposals intended to curb carbon emission and thereby mitigate climate change have been resisted by a notable segment of the public. An overwhelming percentage of climate scientists agree that human activity is causing the global climate to change in ways that will have deleterious consequences both for the environment and for humankind.
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